Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pads Raw Material Composition and Properties

Sanitary pads are essential personal hygiene products used by millions of women worldwide. Understanding the raw materials used in their production is crucial for ensuring quality, comfort, and safety. This article delves into the composition and properties of the primary raw materials used in sanitary pads.

## 1. Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most critical component of a sanitary pad. It is responsible for absorbing and retaining menstrual fluid. The core is typically made from a combination of the following materials:

– **Wood Pulp**: Wood pulp is a natural, biodegradable material that provides excellent absorbency. It is often blended with synthetic materials to enhance performance.
– **Super Absorbent Polymer (SAP)**: SAP is a synthetic material that can absorb and retain large amounts of liquid. It is highly effective in preventing leakage and keeping the surface of the pad dry.

## 2. Top Sheet

The top sheet is the layer that comes into direct contact with the skin. It needs to be soft, comfortable, and quick-drying. Common materials used for the top sheet include:

– **Nonwoven Fabric**: Nonwoven fabrics are made from synthetic fibers like polypropylene or polyester. They are lightweight, breathable, and provide a smooth surface for comfort.
– **Perforated Film**: Some pads use a perforated plastic film as the top sheet. This material is highly effective at preventing leakage but may be less breathable than nonwoven fabrics.

## 3. Back Sheet

The back sheet is the outermost layer of the sanitary pad, designed to prevent leakage and provide a barrier against moisture. Materials commonly used for the back sheet include:

– **Polyethylene Film**: This is a thin, flexible plastic film that is impermeable to liquids. It is widely used due to its effectiveness and low cost.
– **Breathable Microporous Film**: Some high-end pads use a breathable microporous film that allows air to pass through while still preventing liquid leakage. This material enhances comfort by reducing moisture buildup.

## 4. Adhesive

Adhesives are used to secure the sanitary pad to the underwear. The adhesive must be strong enough to keep the pad in place but gentle enough to avoid causing irritation. Common types of adhesives include:

– **Hot Melt Adhesive**: This type of adhesive is applied in a molten state and solidifies upon cooling. It provides a strong bond and is commonly used in sanitary pads.
– **Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive**: Pressure-sensitive adhesives are designed to stick firmly when pressure is applied. They are often used in the wings of sanitary pads to provide extra security.

## 5. Fragrance and Additives

Some sanitary pads include fragrances or additives to mask odors or provide additional comfort. However, these components can sometimes cause irritation or allergic reactions in sensitive individuals. Common additives include:

– **Fragrance**: Added to provide a pleasant scent, but may cause irritation for some users.
– **Aloe Vera**: Used for its soothing properties, aloe vera can help reduce skin irritation and provide a cooling sensation.

## Conclusion

The raw materials used in sanitary pads play a vital role in determining their performance, comfort, and safety. From the absorbent core to the back sheet, each component is carefully selected to meet the needs of users. Understanding these materials can help consumers make informed choices and ensure they select products that best suit their needs.