Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, protection, and comfort.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Key properties:
– Soft and non-irritating to skin
– Quick-drying surface
– Allows liquid to pass through easily

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer responsible for fluid absorption. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (bleached wood pulp)

– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption capacity:
– Fluff pulp: 10-15 times its weight
– SAP: 30-50 times its weight
– Combined systems offer optimal performance

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leakage:

– Polyethylene film (most common)
– Breathable microporous films (premium products)
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

– Liquid impermeable
– Flexible and durable
– May include adhesive strips for secure placement

### 4. Adhesives

Various adhesives serve different functions:

– Body adhesive (keeps pad in place)
– Packaging adhesive (seals individual pads)
– Layer bonding adhesives

## Specialized Materials in Premium Pads

### 1. Odor Control Agents

– Activated carbon
– Baking soda
– Specialized polymers

### 2. Wetness Indicators

– Color-changing dyes
– pH-sensitive materials

### 3. Antibacterial Treatments

– Silver ions
– Chlorhexidine
– Natural antimicrobials like tea tree oil

## Emerging Trends in Material Development

### 1. Biodegradable Options

– PLA (polylactic acid) top sheets
– Bamboo fiber cores
– Starch-based polymers

### 2. Organic Cotton

– Grown without pesticides
– Unbleached or chlorine-free processed
– Hypoallergenic properties

### 3. Smart Materials

– Temperature-regulating fabrics
– Moisture-sensing technologies
– Self-cleaning surfaces

## Quality and Safety Considerations

All sanitary pad materials must meet strict safety standards:

– Dermatologically tested
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Non-toxic and hypoallergenic
– Comply with international regulations (FDA, EU standards)

The composition of sanitary pad materials continues to evolve with advancements in material science and growing environmental concerns. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use for personal hygiene. Manufacturers are increasingly focusing on developing more sustainable, comfortable, and high-performance materials to meet diverse consumer needs.