Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products composed of various materials that work together to provide comfort, absorption, and protection. Understanding the raw material composition helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Properties: Soft, breathable, and quick-drying to prevent skin irritation.

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial layer for fluid absorption, usually consisting of:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both materials

Properties: High absorption capacity, good retention under pressure, and rapid liquid distribution.

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leakage:

– Polyethylene or polypropylene films
– Breathable microporous films in premium products

Properties: Liquid-proof, flexible, and comfortable against clothing.

### 4. Adhesive Components

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding

Properties: Strong enough to stay in place but easy to remove without residue.

## Additional Features and Materials

### 1. Wing Materials

– Nonwoven fabrics with elastic components
– Special adhesives for wing attachment

### 2. Fragrance Components (optional)

– Microencapsulated fragrance beads
– Natural essential oils in some products

### 3. Colorants and Dyes

– Food-grade dyes for visual appeal
– Chlorine-free bleaching for white appearance

## Material Properties and Performance

### Absorption Capacity

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines:

– Total fluid absorption
– Absorption rate
– Retention under pressure

### Breathability

Affected by:

– Top sheet material composition
– Back sheet porosity
– Overall pad thickness

### Skin Compatibility

Factors influencing skin friendliness:

– pH balance of materials
– Presence of allergens or irritants
– Moisture control properties

## Environmental Considerations

### Biodegradable Options

Emerging materials include:

– Bamboo fiber top sheets
– PLA (polylactic acid) back sheets
– Organic cotton components

### Recyclability Challenges

Current limitations:

– Mixed material composition makes recycling difficult
– Biological contamination concerns
– Developing solutions for sustainable disposal

## Future Material Developments

Research focuses on:

– Enhanced natural fiber performance

– Improved biodegradable superabsorbents
– Smart materials for better moisture detection
– Antimicrobial properties for extended wear safety

Understanding these material compositions helps consumers select products that meet their specific needs for comfort, protection, and environmental impact.