#JusticiaParaImelda: the difficult battle for women’s rights in Central America
Collage of Central American women. Beverly Goldberg.
The case of Imelda Cortez, a young woman from El Salvador accused
of attempting an abortion when in fact she had an unforeseen pregnancy, was
reported to the authorities after going to hospital due to a haemorrhage.
She
was turned over to the police by those who were caring for her, showing how
absurd the negation of basic human rights to women in Central America has
become.
With only 18 years of age, Imelda became pregnant after
being raped by her elderly stepfather, a tragic occurrence that dates back to
when she was only 12, a tragedy that is sadly nothing new in El Salvador.
Imelda
suffered an unexpected birth in the toilet pan of her bathroom and
consequentially was accused of attempted homicide.
This week, the trial against her was due to commence, with
the likely outcome being a sentence of 20 years in prison, however it has been postponed
until December due to the judge reporting herself as unwell.
This delay only
serves to further violate the basic human rights of Imelda who currently finds
herself in pre-trial custody. Her right to freedom is being systematically
violated by the state of El Salvador.
This terrifying story exemplifies the extent to which
violations of the rights of women can reach in Central America, where poverty,
inequality, violence and social exclusion combine with a culture that is
tremendously patriarchal and machista.
The fight to guarantee the rights of
women, such as the depenalisation of abortion, is still a tough battle in the
region.
The issue of abortion
Imelda is a tragic reflection of what occurs in one of the
regions that most restricts abortion in the world. Dozens of women are accused
and deprived of their freedom, even for miscarriages.
El Salvador, Honduras,
and Nicaragua continue penalising abortion in all circumstances, a tough stance
against human rights.
Other countries in the region such as Costa Rica,
Guatemala and Panama have made advances towards legalisation but only in the
case of a risk for the life of the mother.
Being a woman in the so-called northern triangle, made up of El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, means living in one of the most deadly regions on earth.
The Guttmacher Institute indicates that between 2010 and
2014, 24% of all pregnancies in Central America ended in abortion.
A figure
which governments in Central America have turned their backs on, but that
proves there is an urgent need to put policies in place that guarantee the
rights of women.
Female security
Being a woman in the so-called northern triangle, made up of
El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala, means living in one of the most deadly
regions on earth, not only due to the high rates of femicide, but also because
of the alarming levels of impunity.
El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicargua are
among the countries with the highest impunity index on the Global Impunity
Index, that also includes other countries in Latin America such as Mexico,
Brazil, Colombia and Paraguay in this category.
Gender based violence worsens in the context of a criminal
justice system that is obsolete, and that has great difficulty in
distinguishing between manslaughter and homicide with intent when discussing
violence with sexist motives.
The classification of femicide in Latin America and the
implementation of specialised tribunals , as it has been the case in Guatemala, have demonstrated their capacity to
reduce femicide rates, but many challenges remain.
Gender inequality
The Gender Equality Index situates Central American nations
in a woeful position. Costa Rica, the country in which there is the lowest
levels of gender inequality in Central America, is situated in position 62,
followed by El Salvador (82), Nicaragua (89), Honduras (100), Panama (108) and
Guatemala (114).
In Honduras for example, only 36% of women have secondary
levels of education, and the female life expectancy is 76 which is the lowest
of the region.
It may be difficult to believe but in 2015, 1445 girls between the ages of 10 and 14 became pregnant due to sexual violence, inequality and systematic abuse, product of a phenomenon that criminalises the victim and victimises the criminal.
In El Salvador, 28% of women have no access to contraceptives,
and only 6.7% of STEM subject graduates are women. In terms of female empowerment
we also have a long way to go.
Whilst we await the trial of Imelda that has been postponed until
December, the fight for securing the human rights of Central American women
should be a priority.
It may be difficult to believe but in 2015, 1445 girls
between the ages of 10 and 14 became pregnant due to sexual violence,
inequality and systematic abuse, product of a
phenomenon that criminalises the victim and victimises the criminal.
The case of Imelda, a young girl who was raped by her step
father of 70 years of age, and who could face 20 years in prison for an
abortion that never in fact took place, in sadly a reflection of a broken
system and the absurdities that arise from it.
The
campaign, #JusticiaParaImelda (justice for Imelda) represents an opportunity to
bring to light the fight against the tremendous rates of sexual violence and
restrictive legislation that currently oppress women in Central America and in
many other parts of the world.